Ibice bitanu by'igikoresho cyo kurinda indwara yo kuzura kw'umuvuduko (SPD)

Ibikoresho byo kurinda ubushyuhe (SPD) ni ibice by'ingenzi mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi bwo muri iki gihe, bitanga uburinzi ku kwiyongera kwa volteji n'izamuka ry'amashanyarazi. Akamaro kayo ntikarenze urugero, kandi gusobanukirwa ibice bya SPD ni ingenzi mu guhitamo igikoresho gikwiye ibyo ukeneye byihariye. SPD zigizwe n'ibice bitanu by'ingenzi: icyuho cyo gusohora, umuyoboro wo gusohora gaze, diode yo gusunika, varistor na choke, buri kimwe muri byo bigira uruhare runini mu kurinda ibikoresho byawe by'amashanyarazi.

Icyuho cyo gusohora ni cyo gice cy'ibanze cya SPD kandi kigizwe n'inkoni ebyiri z'icyuma zitandukanyijwe n'icyuho cyihariye. Imwe mu nkoni z'icyuma ihujwe n'insinga y'amashanyarazi L1 cyangwa insinga idafite aho ibogamiye (N) y'ibikoresho birinzwe, naho indi nkoni y'icyuma ihujwe n'insinga yo hasi (PE). Mu gihe cy'impanuka y'amashanyarazi y'igihe gito, icyuho cyo gusohora kiracika, bigatuma igice cy'amashanyarazi y'amashanyarazi y'ikirenga kijyanwa hasi, bikabuza voltage kuzamuka ku bikoresho birinzwe. Nubwo imiterere yayo yoroshye, imikorere yayo mibi yo kuzimya arc yatumye habaho iterambere, nko gusiba arc, bitanga ubushobozi bwiza bwo kuzimya arc.

Ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi ni umuyoboro usohora umwuka, ugizwe n'ibice bibiri bikonje bya cathode bifungiye mu kirahure cyangwa mu muyoboro wa ceramic wuzuyemo umwuka utagira umwuka. Iki gice cyongera amahirwe yo gutera umwuka kandi kikagira uruhare runini mu kuyobya imbaraga z'amashanyarazi zirenze ku bikoresho byoroheje. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho by'inyongera bikunze gushyirwamo kugira ngo birusheho kunoza imikorere y'umuyoboro usohora umwuka.

Diode zo gufunga ni ibice by'ingenzi bifite imikorere yo gufunga no kugabanya voltage. Ikora mu gace k'ihindagurika ry'ingufu, ifite voltage nke yo gufunga no gusubiza vuba, kandi ikwiriye gukoreshwa nk'ikintu cya nyuma cyo kurinda mu miyoboro y'uburinzi y'urwego rwinshi. Imiterere yayo ya volt-ampere igaragazwa na formula I=CUα, igaragaza coefficients zayo zitari umurongo, irushaho kugaragaza imikorere yayo mu gucunga ubwiyongere bw'amashanyarazi n'ubwiyongere bw'amashanyarazi.

Muri iki gihe ikoranabuhanga ryihuta cyane, hakenewe ibikoresho byizewe byo kurinda ingufu z’amashanyarazi. Binyuze mu mikoranire igoye y’ibi bice bitanu by’ibanze, SPD zitanga uburinzi bukomeye ku ngufu z’amashanyarazi, zigatuma ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi by’amashanyarazi bihorana ubusugire n’igihe kirekire. Uko sisitemu z’amashanyarazi zigenda zirushaho kuba ingorabahizi, ni ko gukenera ibisubizo birambuye byo kurinda ingufu z’amashanyarazi biba ingenzi cyane, bigatuma gusobanukirwa ibice bya SPD biba ingenzi mu kwemeza umutekano n’imikorere myiza y’ibikoresho bigezweho by’amashanyarazi.